Ubuntu-server

关闭欢迎提示

chmod -x /etc/update-motd.d/*

关闭ssh登录motd广告

vim /etc/default/motd-news 将enabled改为0

关闭ssh登录系统信息

apt remove landscape-common landscape-client

系统盘迁移

# 1.备份数据
# 2.制作一个linux启动盘 例如live server的
# 3.连接原启动盘和需要迁移到的目标盘
# 4.U盘启动直接进入shell
# 5.查看磁盘信息
lsblk
# 6.dd命令直接全盘迁移
dd if=/dev/sda of=/dev/sdb bs=4096 conv=sync,noerror
# 7.拷贝完成后使用新磁盘启动
# 8.删除旧分区&resize
fdisk /dev/sdX
d #删除磁盘最后一个分区
n #新建一个分区，扇区开始结束都用默认即可
w #写盘保存

partprobe #重新读取分区表并更新分区信息

resize2fs /dev/sdXX #调整文件系统的大小

内核模块加载

最近打算给home server换一块瑞昱的2.5G网卡（8125b芯片），所以想提前安装下网卡驱动，执行官网那个autorun.sh脚本前也没仔细看， 结果脚本直接把原来的8169网卡驱动卸载了，导致机器直接失联。还好脚本里有备份，所以只需要恢复回去就行了。

#!/bin/sh
# SPDX-License-Identifier: GPL-2.0-only

# invoke insmod with all arguments we got
# and use a pathname, as insmod doesn't look in . by default

TARGET_PATH=$(find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net/ethernet -name realtek -type d)
if [ "$TARGET_PATH" = "" ]; then
	TARGET_PATH=$(find /lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net -name realtek -type d)
fi
if [ "$TARGET_PATH" = "" ]; then
	TARGET_PATH=/lib/modules/$(uname -r)/kernel/drivers/net
fi
echo
echo "Check old driver and unload it."
check=`lsmod | grep r8169`
if [ "$check" != "" ]; then
        echo "rmmod r8169"
        /sbin/rmmod r8169
fi

check=`lsmod | grep r8125`
if [ "$check" != "" ]; then
        echo "rmmod r8125"
        /sbin/rmmod r8125
fi

echo "Build the module and install"
echo "-------------------------------" >> log.txt
date 1>>log.txt
make $@ all 1>>log.txt || exit 1
module=`ls src/*.ko`
module=${module#src/}
module=${module%.ko}

if [ "$module" = "" ]; then
	echo "No driver exists!!!"
	exit 1
elif [ "$module" != "r8169" ]; then
	if test -e $TARGET_PATH/r8169.ko ; then
		echo "Backup r8169.ko"
		if test -e $TARGET_PATH/r8169.bak ; then
			i=0
			while test -e $TARGET_PATH/r8169.bak$i
			do
				i=$(($i+1))
			done
			echo "rename r8169.ko to r8169.bak$i"
			mv $TARGET_PATH/r8169.ko $TARGET_PATH/r8169.bak$i
		else
			echo "rename r8169.ko to r8169.bak"
			mv $TARGET_PATH/r8169.ko $TARGET_PATH/r8169.bak
		fi
	fi
fi

echo "DEPMOD $(uname -r)"
depmod `uname -r`
echo "load module $module"
modprobe $module

is_update_initramfs=n
distrib_list="ubuntu debian"

if [ -r /etc/debian_version ]; then
	is_update_initramfs=y
elif [ -r /etc/lsb-release ]; then
	for distrib in $distrib_list
	do
		/bin/grep -i "$distrib" /etc/lsb-release 2>&1 /dev/null && \
			is_update_initramfs=y && break
	done
fi

if [ "$is_update_initramfs" = "y" ]; then
	if which update-initramfs >/dev/null ; then
		echo "Updating initramfs. Please wait."
		update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)
	else
		echo "update-initramfs: command not found"
		exit 1
	fi
fi

echo "Completed."
exit 0

# 进入网卡驱动目录
cd /lib/modules/$(uname -r)//kernel/drivers/net/ethernet/realtek
# 恢复备份
mv r8169.bak r8169.ko
# 加载模块
insmod r8169.ko
# 验证是否加载
lsmod | grep r8169
# 更新模块依赖关系
depmod `uname -r`
# 更新initramfs
update-initramfs -u -k $(uname -r)

瑞昱2.5G网卡r8125b驱动安装

A DKMS package for easy use of Realtek r8125 driver, which supports 2.5 GbE. https://github.com/awesometic/realtek-r8125-dkms

• sudo add-apt-repository ppa:awesometic/ppa

• sudo apt install realtek-r8125-dkms

• sudo tee -a /etc/modprobe.d/blacklist-r8169.conf > /dev/null <<EOT
  # To use r8125 driver explicitly
  blacklist r8169
  EOT

• sudo update-initramfs -u

• vim /etc/netplan/00-installer-config.yaml

• # This is the network config written by 'subiquity'
  network:
    ethernets:
      enp1s0: # 根据ifconfig -a找到2.5G网卡设备的名称
        dhcp4: true
    version: 2

• netplan apply

• reboot

内核更新后重新安装: apt install ./realtek-r8125-9.012.04-1_amd64.deb --reinstall